Trying to beat the heat

     Everyone is facing the brutal heat of summer in Columbia, and our pets are no exception.  Extra precautions are necessary if we are to avoid heat stress, exhaustion, or heat stroke.  There are several factors to consider when evaluating protective measures for heat in our pets.  The first is the breed of pet.  Brachycephalic (short nosed, like english bulldogs and pugs) breeds need to be monitored more closely due to their preexisting difficulties associated with breathing.  The age and body composition of the pet also have a profound influence.  Pediatric and geriatric pets should be monitored much more closely, and obesity has a profound impact upon heat tolerance in our pets.  Additionally, pets with long hair coats (shepherds and chows, for example), have a more difficult time and may require shaving of their hair coat to minimize heat stress.  Owners should ensure that the yard/exercise area is as well shaded as possible, and that there is plentiful access to fresh clean water.  Any exercise or outdoor activity should be performed in the early mornings or late evenings when the heat is lessened.  Care should be taken in the length of time allowed for any activity.
     Pets do not sweat, as humans do, so they have to cool themselves off in different fashion.  Panting is a main method of cooling.  Heat can also be lost through the ears and paw pads.  Pets who are suffering from heat stress may show excessive panting, lethargy, a diminished response to commands or decreased awareness to the surroundings.  More severe cases can show more severe neurologic signs, and may develop severe gastrointestinal signs as well, such as vomiting or diarrhea.  If owners have any concern that their pet may be suffering from signs of excessive heat exposure, it is highly recommended to seek veterinary help as soon as possible.  Immediate cooling measures can be instituted at home until the pet can be admitted for veterinary evaluation.  Do not place the pet in any sort of ice bath.  The best method of water cooling a pet is to use lukewarm water.  Rubbing alcohol can be frequently applied to the foot pads in order to speed cooling.  Rapid presentation to a veterinary facility, however, is the best option for pets suffering from any sort of heat stress.  With a few modifications to our daily routine, we can ensure our pets continue to enjoy the summer safely.